Abstract.

Abstract (from lat. annotatio-note) or CV (from fr. Résumé – «reduced») – a brief description of a scientific article in terms of its purpose, content, type, form and other features.

In accordance with the requirements of the leading scientific journals in the scientific article (see www.gramota.net / annotacia.html) abstract (annotation) should include characteristics of:

• the main theme,

• the problems of the scientific article,

• the goals of the work and

• its results.

The abstract indicates what new information this article has in comparison with the other ones purpose-related in topics. Abstract indicates the key issues, that are accessed by the author, approach to these problems and achievements of the work. Abstract also should not contain acronyms; they should be used in the section titles. The abstract should avoid references to other works; their place is in the body of the text. Exception to the rule may be a reference to the very important work of another author, which is used as a basis for the given work.

The volume of the abstracts should not exceed 10 lines.

According to the requirements of the leading scientific publications for compiling the abstracts of the scientific article and its design (see www.gramota.net / annotacia.html) when writing the abstracts it is recommended to use phrases that will reveal problems in your paper and the results of the analysis conducted:

• This article discusses the problem …
• The idea of … is substantiated
• There is evidence of …
• The article touches upon …
• A comparison is given …
• The article is devoted to the complex research …
• The purpose of the article is to analyze the study …
• The article is devoted to the phenomenon …
• The article covers the problems of …
• Special attention is paid to …
• The paper analyzes …
• The author comes to the conclusion that …
• The focus of the paper is …(the author focuses on the …)
• The characteristics of … are identified and described
• The paper has clarified the …
• On the basis of studying … it is found that …
• Based on the analysis of … as well as the attraction of … it is found that …
• The article is devoted to the urgent problem …
• This problem is poorly studies and requires further investigation.
• The article summarizes the new material on the subject in question, .. is (are) introduced into scientific circulation …
• The author offers …
• The work is of an interdisciplinary character, it is written at the junction of…
• The main content of this research is the analysis of …
• Such a view would be of interest to specialists in the field of …
• In the article we are talking about …

• The paper is devoted to a detailed analysis ……
• Considerable attention is paid …
• The article reveals the content of the concept …
• The author traces the emergence …
• We generalize the experience …
• The article examines the characteristics of …
• The paper discusses the key stages …
• As a research problem the authors have defined the attempt to estimate …
• The article describes the processes …
• The article summarizes some results of the study …
• The author gives a generalized characteristics …
• This line of investigation is also complemented by the consideration …
• The idea of … is substantiated
• The paper analyzes the concept of …
• As a key evidence … is used
• The paper gives an analysis of the researchers` views of …
• The question of … continues to be a debatable one
• This article is an attempt to reveal the main reasons …
• The article presents the views on the …
• The author seeks to trace the process of …
• The paper analyzes the scientific research …

(More samples of drawing up the abstracts can be found on the website: Abstract to scientific article. Sample of annotations. Requirements … www.gramota.net / annotacia.html) +

Please note that the function and requirements for preparing the abstracts and keywords are regulated by the Corresponding All-Union State Standards.

– All-Union State Standard 7.9-95 SIBID “Summary and abstract. General Requirements “(Interstate ISO 214-76)

– All-Union State Standard 7.66-92 SIBID “Document Indexing. General requirements to coordinate indexing “(Interstate Standard ISO 5963-85)

– All-Union State Standard 7.25-2001 SIBID “Thesaurus monolingual information retrieval. Design rules, structure, composition and presentation “(Interstate Standard)

Detailed information can be found on the website

http://www.ingnpublishing.com/rig/metodicheskaya_pomow/kak_podgotovit_annotaciyu_i_sformirovat_spisok_klyuchevyh_slov_k_nauchnoj_state/